根瘤菌(root nodule bacteria)是與豆科植物共生，形成根瘤並固定空氣中的氮氣供植物營養的一類杆狀細菌。這種共生體系具有很強的固氮能力。
根瘤菌是通過豆科植物根毛、側根杈口(如花生)或其他部位侵入，形成侵入線，進到根的皮層，刺激宿主皮層細胞分裂，形成根瘤，根瘤菌從侵入線進到根瘤細胞，繼續繁殖，根瘤中含有根瘤菌的細胞群構成含菌組織。
根瘤菌進入這些宿主細胞後被一層膜套包圍，有些菌在膜套內能繼續繁殖，大量增加根瘤內的根瘤菌數，以後停止增殖，成為成熟的類菌體；宿主細胞與根瘤菌共同合成豆血紅蛋白，分佈在膜套內外，作為氧的載體，調節膜套內外的氧量。
類菌體執行固氮功能，將分子氮還原成NH3，分泌至根瘤細胞內，並合成?胺類或?尿類化合物，輸出根瘤，由根的傳導組織運輸至宿主地上部分供利用。
與宿主的共生關係是宿主為根瘤菌提供良好的居住環境、碳源和能源以及其他必需營養，而根瘤菌則為宿主提供氮素營養。
大豆、花生等屬於豆科植物。它們的根瘤中，有能固氮的根瘤菌與之共生。根瘤菌將空氣中的氮轉化為植物能吸收的含氮物質，如氨，而植物為根瘤菌提供有機物。
資料來源： 是否根瘤菌只能与豆科植物共生固氮
2009年12月20日 星期日
2009年12月8日 星期二
自然環境---土地沙漠化
Landscape and IT: 景觀植物搜尋系統
土地荒漠化就是指土地退化，也稱作沙漠化。
土地荒漠化是由氣候變化和人類不合理的經濟活動等因素，使乾旱、半乾旱災害的半濕潤地區的土地發生變化，包括鹽漬化、草場退化、水土流失、土地退化、植被荒漠化等。
狹義的荒漠化乃是指在脆弱的生態系統下，由於人為過度的經濟活動，破壞生態系平衡，使原非沙漠化的地區出現類似沙漠景觀的環境變化。沙漠化土地包括沙漠邊緣風力作用下沙丘入侵的地方和原來的固定、半固定沙丘由於植被遭到破壞產生流沙活動的沙丘活化地區。
荒漠化土地類型
1.水蝕荒漠化
2.風蝕荒漠化
3.土壤鹽漬化
4.凍融荒漠化
防治沙漠化相關國際條約
1.荒漠化公約 1993
資料來源: 百度--土地沙漠化
土地荒漠化就是指土地退化，也稱作沙漠化。
土地荒漠化是由氣候變化和人類不合理的經濟活動等因素，使乾旱、半乾旱災害的半濕潤地區的土地發生變化，包括鹽漬化、草場退化、水土流失、土地退化、植被荒漠化等。
狹義的荒漠化乃是指在脆弱的生態系統下，由於人為過度的經濟活動，破壞生態系平衡，使原非沙漠化的地區出現類似沙漠景觀的環境變化。沙漠化土地包括沙漠邊緣風力作用下沙丘入侵的地方和原來的固定、半固定沙丘由於植被遭到破壞產生流沙活動的沙丘活化地區。
荒漠化土地類型
1.水蝕荒漠化
2.風蝕荒漠化
3.土壤鹽漬化
4.凍融荒漠化
防治沙漠化相關國際條約
1.荒漠化公約 1993
資料來源: 百度--土地沙漠化
2009年12月7日 星期一
生態概念---LID(Low Impact Development)
Landscape and IT: 景觀植物搜尋系統
低衝擊性開發(LID)是一種利用蒸散、滲透和透過雨水管理的利用來管理水資源及水汙染，藉此避免或減少人為開發對溪流、河流、湖岸環境以及地下水的污染。
LID的技術與傳統的方式(草溝、滯留池)不同在於利用分散和小規模源頭管理的方式來對暴雨產生的逕流及污染進行控制，使開發地區盡量接近自然的水循環。
LID的方式包括屋頂花園、雨水花園、綠色街道等，均可降低逕流量、延遲洪峰流量、減低都市排水系統的壓力、減少回收雨水的成本、美化環境、降低建築物屋頂的溫度等等。
LID is an approach to land development (or re-development) that works with nature to manage stormwater as close to its source as possible.
LID principles:
1.preserving and recreating natural landscape features
2.minimizing effective imperviousness to create functional and appealing site drainage that treat stormwater as a resource rather than a waste product.
LID practices:
1.bioretention facilities
2.rain gardens
3.vegetated rooftops
4.rain barrels
5.permeable pavements.
LID effectiveness:
By implementing LID principles and practices, water can be managed in a way that reduces the impact of built areas and promotes the natural movement of water within an ecosystem or watershed. Applied on a broad scale, LID can maintain or restore a watershed's hydrologic and ecological functions.
參考資料 : LID技術解決沙漠都市化 ， 永續公共工程
Low Impact Development
低衝擊性開發(LID)是一種利用蒸散、滲透和透過雨水管理的利用來管理水資源及水汙染，藉此避免或減少人為開發對溪流、河流、湖岸環境以及地下水的污染。
LID的技術與傳統的方式(草溝、滯留池)不同在於利用分散和小規模源頭管理的方式來對暴雨產生的逕流及污染進行控制，使開發地區盡量接近自然的水循環。
LID的方式包括屋頂花園、雨水花園、綠色街道等，均可降低逕流量、延遲洪峰流量、減低都市排水系統的壓力、減少回收雨水的成本、美化環境、降低建築物屋頂的溫度等等。
LID is an approach to land development (or re-development) that works with nature to manage stormwater as close to its source as possible.
LID principles:
1.preserving and recreating natural landscape features
2.minimizing effective imperviousness to create functional and appealing site drainage that treat stormwater as a resource rather than a waste product.
LID practices:
1.bioretention facilities
2.rain gardens
3.vegetated rooftops
4.rain barrels
5.permeable pavements.
LID effectiveness:
By implementing LID principles and practices, water can be managed in a way that reduces the impact of built areas and promotes the natural movement of water within an ecosystem or watershed. Applied on a broad scale, LID can maintain or restore a watershed's hydrologic and ecological functions.
參考資料 : LID技術解決沙漠都市化 ， 永續公共工程
Low Impact Development
2009年12月4日 星期五
建築風貌環境整建計畫---美意與思考
Landscape and IT: 景觀植物搜尋系統
為了提升城鄉空間視覺品質，營建署表示，建築景觀拉皮補助將從即日起受理申請，期限到明年一月十號(2010/01/10)為止。
明年度政府已經編列三億九千萬元的經費，針對重要發展地區或公共空間內，屋齡超過二十年以上的公有、私有老舊建築，進行風貌改建和外觀改善補助。其中，公有建築申請整建最高可以獲得一千五百萬的補助，私有建築最高可以獲得八百萬元補助，如果由地方政府提報的整合性建案，最高甚至可以獲得兩千萬元的全額補助。
資料來源:鉅亨網
都市景觀須以整體規劃與設計才能適時達到景觀美化的效果，發揮地區性與特色性的呈現。建築景觀拉皮補助透過各公家機關與私人建築申請難免會造成單點景觀特別突兀，無法真正提升城鄉空間視覺品質，況且所謂重要發展地區的定義是甚麼?主管機關評審的標準是甚麼?這都是令人疑義的地方。
另外，若主觀機關把關不嚴格，便讓投資客、房仲等等有機會以老屋拉皮的方式過分哄抬既有老舊建築的價值，使購買者易忽略老舊房屋內部設施與管線老舊的問題。
為了提升城鄉空間視覺品質，營建署表示，建築景觀拉皮補助將從即日起受理申請，期限到明年一月十號(2010/01/10)為止。
明年度政府已經編列三億九千萬元的經費，針對重要發展地區或公共空間內，屋齡超過二十年以上的公有、私有老舊建築，進行風貌改建和外觀改善補助。其中，公有建築申請整建最高可以獲得一千五百萬的補助，私有建築最高可以獲得八百萬元補助，如果由地方政府提報的整合性建案，最高甚至可以獲得兩千萬元的全額補助。
資料來源:鉅亨網
都市景觀須以整體規劃與設計才能適時達到景觀美化的效果，發揮地區性與特色性的呈現。建築景觀拉皮補助透過各公家機關與私人建築申請難免會造成單點景觀特別突兀，無法真正提升城鄉空間視覺品質，況且所謂重要發展地區的定義是甚麼?主管機關評審的標準是甚麼?這都是令人疑義的地方。
另外，若主觀機關把關不嚴格，便讓投資客、房仲等等有機會以老屋拉皮的方式過分哄抬既有老舊建築的價值，使購買者易忽略老舊房屋內部設施與管線老舊的問題。
2009年10月8日 星期四
Mac_iphone start
Landscape and IT: 景觀植物搜尋系統
Notes for iphone starting development ：
1.The starting point for any new project is the Cocoa Touch layer, and the UIKit framework in particular.
2.The iPhone SDK supports the creation of graphically-oriented applications that run natively in iPhone OS.
3.In an iPhone application, there is no concept of separate document windows for displaying content. Instead, all of the application’s data is displayed in a single window.
4.The event-handling model in iPhone OS also represents a significant departure from traditional desktop applications.
5.iPhone applications should be clean, and focused on what the user needs in the moment. Remember that users who are on-the-go want to get at information quickly and not spend a lot of time looking digging through several layers of screens.
6.For games and other fun applications, you should also consider how the users might want to interact with your application and take advantage of technologies such as the accelerometers and camera where appropriate.
7.As you start development, the frameworks you want to use initially are the Foundation and UIKit frameworks.
(Foundation Framework Reference)
(UIKit Framework Reference)
8.Creating simple applications that run on iPhone OS is relatively easy with the built-in project templates provided by Xcode.
9.taking the time to understand the basic design patterns and conventions of iPhone OS is critical to writing code for the platform. The basic information that every iPhone developer needs to know is in Cocoa Fundamentals Guide.This document covers the basics of the Objective-C language and the programming conventions and design patterns used by UIKit and many other system frameworks.
10.you can refer to iPhone Application Programming Guide for specific details on the development process.This book provides key conceptual and task-based information on how to write iPhone applications, including examples of how to display a user interface, handle events, and take advantage of key iPhone OS features. It also describes the overall development process and explains how you use Xcode to build and run your applications.
11.you should also look through the available sample code. iPhone OS ships with a number of full-featured samples that show you how to use the available technologies to create real-world applications. You can use these samples as a starting point for your own applications or you can look at them to learn more about how you use specific features.
Reference: iPhone OS Overview
Notes for iphone starting development ：
1.The starting point for any new project is the Cocoa Touch layer, and the UIKit framework in particular.
2.The iPhone SDK supports the creation of graphically-oriented applications that run natively in iPhone OS.
3.In an iPhone application, there is no concept of separate document windows for displaying content. Instead, all of the application’s data is displayed in a single window.
4.The event-handling model in iPhone OS also represents a significant departure from traditional desktop applications.
5.iPhone applications should be clean, and focused on what the user needs in the moment. Remember that users who are on-the-go want to get at information quickly and not spend a lot of time looking digging through several layers of screens.
6.For games and other fun applications, you should also consider how the users might want to interact with your application and take advantage of technologies such as the accelerometers and camera where appropriate.
7.As you start development, the frameworks you want to use initially are the Foundation and UIKit frameworks.
(Foundation Framework Reference)
(UIKit Framework Reference)
8.Creating simple applications that run on iPhone OS is relatively easy with the built-in project templates provided by Xcode.
9.taking the time to understand the basic design patterns and conventions of iPhone OS is critical to writing code for the platform. The basic information that every iPhone developer needs to know is in Cocoa Fundamentals Guide.This document covers the basics of the Objective-C language and the programming conventions and design patterns used by UIKit and many other system frameworks.
10.you can refer to iPhone Application Programming Guide for specific details on the development process.This book provides key conceptual and task-based information on how to write iPhone applications, including examples of how to display a user interface, handle events, and take advantage of key iPhone OS features. It also describes the overall development process and explains how you use Xcode to build and run your applications.
11.you should also look through the available sample code. iPhone OS ships with a number of full-featured samples that show you how to use the available technologies to create real-world applications. You can use these samples as a starting point for your own applications or you can look at them to learn more about how you use specific features.
Reference: iPhone OS Overview
2009年10月6日 星期二
LSIT：景觀評估
Landscape and IT: 景觀植物搜尋系統
對於有關景觀上政策的擬訂、決策的判斷需要有一套依據的準則，景觀評估扮演重要的角色。此種方法將基地範圍內的自然資源與人文資源進行基礎性的調查，並依據評估的因子將這些資源分門別類，由繁化簡，作成易於分析的矩陣圖(表)，並針對每一個因子給與相對的權重，彼此加總的分析結果作為未來基地規劃上的參考依據。
有此依據便能在基地規劃擁有可依循的方法，在整個過程中亦有回饋的機制，修正評估的因子或是分類的方式，目的是為了保有評估結果的彈性以及完整性。
景觀評估的目的在某種程度上也希望將主觀的美學角度轉化成客觀評估的角度，給予人信任的基礎，另外台灣對於這方面的評估結果未給予一定的法源基礎，很多情況之下都僅流於書面上的型式，卻沒有太多人會正式分析評估的結果。
英格蘭鄉村署(Countryside Agency)的「景觀特質評估指南(Landscape Character Assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland)」提供一套完整的評估程序，可以作為景觀評估的參考。
English version:
對於有關景觀上政策的擬訂、決策的判斷需要有一套依據的準則，景觀評估扮演重要的角色。此種方法將基地範圍內的自然資源與人文資源進行基礎性的調查，並依據評估的因子將這些資源分門別類，由繁化簡，作成易於分析的矩陣圖(表)，並針對每一個因子給與相對的權重，彼此加總的分析結果作為未來基地規劃上的參考依據。
有此依據便能在基地規劃擁有可依循的方法，在整個過程中亦有回饋的機制，修正評估的因子或是分類的方式，目的是為了保有評估結果的彈性以及完整性。
景觀評估的目的在某種程度上也希望將主觀的美學角度轉化成客觀評估的角度，給予人信任的基礎，另外台灣對於這方面的評估結果未給予一定的法源基礎，很多情況之下都僅流於書面上的型式，卻沒有太多人會正式分析評估的結果。
英格蘭鄉村署(Countryside Agency)的「景觀特質評估指南(Landscape Character Assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland)」提供一套完整的評估程序，可以作為景觀評估的參考。
English version:
For the landscape for policy formulation, decision-making judgments based on the need for a set of guidelines for landscape assessment play an important role. Such an approach will be based within the natural resources and human resources to carry out basic surveys and the assessment factor based on these resources by category, from complex to simplify,作成easy-to-matrix analysis (Table), and for each factor the relative weight given to each other plus the overall results of the analysis as a base for planning future reference.
There is such a basis for planning at the base will be able to have a method can be followed in the whole process has feedback mechanisms, to amend the assessment factor approach or the classification purpose is to retain the flexibility as well as the integrity of the assessment results.
The purpose of landscape assessment will be subjective to some extent also hope that the aesthetic point of view into an objective assessment of the point of view, to give people a foundation of trust, while Taiwan's findings in this regard is not given a definite source of law based on many cases, are only the flow pattern in the writing, but not many people would make a formal analysis of the assessment results.
England's Countryside Agency (Countryside Agency) of the "landscape qualities Assessment Guide (Landscape Character Assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland)" to provide a complete set of assessment procedures, can be used as landscape evaluation.
There is such a basis for planning at the base will be able to have a method can be followed in the whole process has feedback mechanisms, to amend the assessment factor approach or the classification purpose is to retain the flexibility as well as the integrity of the assessment results.
The purpose of landscape assessment will be subjective to some extent also hope that the aesthetic point of view into an objective assessment of the point of view, to give people a foundation of trust, while Taiwan's findings in this regard is not given a definite source of law based on many cases, are only the flow pattern in the writing, but not many people would make a formal analysis of the assessment results.
England's Countryside Agency (Countryside Agency) of the "landscape qualities Assessment Guide (Landscape Character Assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland)" to provide a complete set of assessment procedures, can be used as landscape evaluation.
2009年10月1日 星期四
GSGI_@font-face
為了讓版面上的特殊字型能夠在網頁上呈現，可以在css的檔案當中加入@font-face，他的格式如下:
@font-face{
font-familt:"eurosti";
src:url("http://site_name/Eurosti_0.TTF");
}
呈現的結果會依據瀏覽器的不同，字型稍稍會有點不同。
參考網站:
http://home.tiscali.nl/developerscorner/fdc-varia/font-embedding.htm
http://www.qodo.co.uk/blog/re-introducing-font-face-css-rules/
Landscape and IT: 景觀植物搜尋系統
@font-face{
font-familt:"eurosti";
src:url("http://site_name/Eurosti_0.TTF");
}
呈現的結果會依據瀏覽器的不同，字型稍稍會有點不同。
參考網站:
http://home.tiscali.nl/developerscorner/fdc-varia/font-embedding.htm
http://www.qodo.co.uk/blog/re-introducing-font-face-css-rules/
Landscape and IT: 景觀植物搜尋系統
2009年9月25日 星期五
關心地球環境(Yuzu - Wonderful World)
在光怪陸離的世界仍然有人給予我們正面的力量，路還是要走，但抱著一顆更寬廣的心、更包容的心，將會為自己打開更寬廣的窗。
Googleからの翻訳:
誰が私たち肯定的な力、道路、または移動を与えるもの人々の奇妙な世界が、より広範な、より開かれた心そのものより広範なウィンドウが開かれる中心部を保持で。
Translate from Google:
In the bizarre world of still people who give us a positive force, road, or to go, but the broader holding a heart, a more open mind will be open for themselves a broader window.
Landscape and IT: 景觀植物搜尋系統
Googleからの翻訳:
誰が私たち肯定的な力、道路、または移動を与えるもの人々の奇妙な世界が、より広範な、より開かれた心そのものより広範なウィンドウが開かれる中心部を保持で。
Translate from Google:
In the bizarre world of still people who give us a positive force, road, or to go, but the broader holding a heart, a more open mind will be open for themselves a broader window.
Landscape and IT: 景觀植物搜尋系統
2009年7月28日 星期二
LSIT : 新增"景觀植物GPS定位"
在這個功能裡面，能以"搜尋地點"的方式，找出該地點的植物分布情形，並且透過每一個標註點可以連結到植物更詳細的說明和圖片。
另外，也可以利用輸入經緯度的方式，找出單點植物的位置。
這也是相當實用的功能喔!!
感謝小嘴魚大力提供意見^o^
Landscape and IT: 景觀植物搜尋系統
2009年7月27日 星期一
LSIT : 新增"列印勾選植物"之功能
透過這個功能可以在查詢植物而產生植物列表之後，勾選自己想要的植物種類，這樣可以產生自訂的景觀植物列表。
感謝小嘴魚意見提供，才順利產生這一個方便的功能。
Landscape and IT: 景觀植物搜尋系統
感謝小嘴魚意見提供，才順利產生這一個方便的功能。
Landscape and IT: 景觀植物搜尋系統
2009年7月26日 星期日
Frank Lloyd Wright : Boradacre City
http://pc.blogspot.com/2005/11/frank-lloyd-wright-broadacre-city.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadacre_City
1932年，Wright 在 Disappearing of city 裡面寫出有關他的Boradacre想法。
2009年7月22日 星期三
2009年7月19日 星期日
LSIT : search plants about landscape
This is my first system for searching plants.
http://digiphone.dyndns.org/brian-plants-web/index.zul
There are still lots of missing pictures, but i'm working on it.
Hope for helping people and desingers.
http://digiphone.dyndns.org/brian-plants-web/index.zul
There are still lots of missing pictures, but i'm working on it.
Hope for helping people and desingers.
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